On the 2nd of December 1971 Mars 3 lander became the first spacecraft that attained soft landing on Mars. It was sent on 28th May form Baikonur Cosmodrome in Proton-K carrier rocket. It was supposed to gather information about atmosphere and surface of the Mars. After successful landing Mars 3 lander worked for 15 seconds and then the signal was lost.
Today in aviation history – 2nd December
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